Biodiversity

Pest monitoring in farming is the practice of regularly checking crops and soil for signs of insect pests and other diseases. This helps farmers identify potential problems before they become severe, allowing them to take preventative measures to protect their crops. Pest monitoring can involve checking for physical signs of pests, such as egg masses or feces, or using traps and other detection tools.Pest monitoring in farming is the practice of regularly checking crops and soil for signs of insect pests and other diseases.

Organic fertilisers are natural fertilisers that are derived from plant and animal sources. Examples of organic fertilisers include compost, manure, bone meal, and seaweed. They provide essential nutrients to plants, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They help improve soil structure, increase microbial activity, and reduce soil erosion. Organic fertilisers can also improve soil fertility and help plants absorb water and nutrients more effectively.

Micorrhyza fungi have postitive effect on phosphorous and microelement uptake, furthermore they have positive effect on plant protection. Under certain conditions application of micorrhyza fungi can result in reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Reducing chemical-synthetic pesticides in agriculture is a form of pest control that seeks to reduce or eliminate the use of synthetic chemical pesticides in favor of more sustainable methods. This can include using natural pest predators, crop rotation, and other alternatives to chemical-based pesticides. These methods are often more environmentally-friendly and can lead to a reduction in the amount of residues in the environment.

Flowering strips on arable land is a form of land management where strips of flowering plants are planted alongside or within crop fields. These strips help to promote biodiversity, protect pollinators, and provide habitat and food sources for beneficial insects, birds, and other wildlife. They also create an attractive visual display and help to control soil erosion.

Extensive livestock farming makes use of areas of permanent grassland, and is at the origin of many environmental services, based on the functioning of agro-ecosystems and the functional management of semi-natural vegetation. If insects are to be considered as a key indicator of overall biological richness, their presence in an open landscape can be explained fundamentally by two key factors: the absence of pesticide use, which destroys them directly, and a floristic richness spread over time.

Use of only superficial tillage without soil inversion. Reduced tillage is every type of cultivation without inverting soil and when 30 % of its surface is covered with crop residue.

Paludiculture is the productive land use of wet and rewetted peatlands that preserves the peat soil and thereby minimizes CO2 emissions and subsidence. Rewetting wetlands/peatlands, also known as paludiculture, is the practice of restoring and managing wetlands and peatlands in order to provide economic and ecological benefits. This involves rewetting peatlands that have been drained for agriculture, forestry, or other uses.

Semi-natural habitats are integral to most agricultural areas and have the potential to support ecosystem services, especially biological control and pollination by supplying resources for the invertebrates providing these services and for soil conservation by preventing erosion and run-off.

Shepherding is a traditional agricultural practice involving the movement of grazing livestock between certain areas depending on the season. Specifically, this refers to open spaces, and between permanent crops, as well as transhumance and common grazing land. Transhumance is a seasonal movement of grazing animals between lowland and highland pastures with different climates, while common grazing land allows farmers to share a common area for grazing their livestock.