Materials & Energy

If soil is depleted during crop production or in case of stress conditions (biotic and abiotic) biostimulants can be used on plant foliage. For example the nettle juice extract contains plant nutirents, hormones and have plant protection effect, furthermore it can improve the taste and of tomato fruits.

Siderophore producing bacteria help iron uptake of plants, they have antagonistic effect to pathogen bacteria.

Inadequate microbiological conditions of soil can be enhanced with microbial inoculants. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers by using commercial microbial soil inoculants. Some beneficial microbes have positive effect in plant nutrition and on soil structure. For example: a, Microbes capable of biological nitrogen fixation b, microbes able to dissolve and mobilize phosphorous c, microbes able to break down organic matter.

Microbial plant biostimulants are a type of organic fertilizer that contain beneficial microorganisms that can help promote healthy plant growth and protect plants from pests and diseases. These microorganisms can be applied to the soil or directly to the plant, and can help improve soil fertility, increase plant vigor, and reduce disease incidence. They can also help improve crop yield by increasing the availability of nutrients and water in the soil, and helping plants to better tolerate stress. Reduction the use of pesticides by using commercially available biostimulant microbes.

Tilling and sowing across the slope is a farming technique in which a farmer tills and sows crops across a sloped area. This technique involves digging furrows or trenches across the slope, planting seeds or seedlings in the furrows. This technique helps to prevent soil erosion and stabilizes the soil.

Introducing intercrops for green manure into the crop rotation to preserve soil organic matter, prevent soil erosion and reduce nitrate leaching.

Crop residues are the stalks, leaves, chaff and husks that remain on the fields after the grain, seeds or fibers have been harvested. Harvest residues should not be burned, but should be incorporated into the soil, as this increases the content of organic matter and the biological activity of the soil.

This describes a system of providing the necessary nutrients to field crops in order to achieve optimum health and growth. This could involve organic fertilizers, soil amendments, or other soil enrichment products. The goal is to maintain a balanced nutrient supply to the crops that is enough to optimize their health and production.

Crop water requirements (CWR) are defined as the depth of water [mm] needed to meet the water consumed through evapotranspiration (ETc) by a disease-free crop, growing in large fields under non-restricting soil conditions including soil water and fertility, and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment. Switching to less water intensive crops, changing planting dates, optimised irrigation schedules. Managing crop water demand is the practice of balancing the amount of water needed to support healthy crop growth with the available supply of water.

Crop choice is the process of choosing which crops to grow in a particular area. This can be based on a variety of factors, including soil type, climate, water availability, market demand, and the farmer’s personal preferences. It is a critical decision for farmers, as it can significantly impact their success and profitability. Increased use of resilient, pest resitant crop varieties and species. Use of resistant crops to biotic and abiotic stresses (and mixing them) or crops with selected traits that enhance rhizosphere activities (e.g.